Festival, seasonal memory and food knowledge system2 sources
Ga Homowo Seasonal Knowledge
Homowo
Ga public festival knowledge connecting migration memory, seasonal practice, food, song and community renewal.
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Category
Food, Agriculture and Seasonal Practice
252 public knowledge systems connected to this registry facet.
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Akiu no Taue Odori
L’Akiu no Taue Odori
In the Akiu no Taue Odori, residents of the town of Akiu in northern Japan pray for a good harvest by simulating in dance the actions involved in transplanting rice. Performed since the end of the seventeenth century in communities throughout the region, the Akiu no Taue Odori today takes place during festivals in the spring or autumn....
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Al Aflaj, traditional irrigation network system in the UAE, oral traditions, knowledge and skills of construction, maintenance and equitable water distribution
Al aflaj, système traditionnel d’irrigation aux EAU, traditions orales, connaissances et savoir-faire liés à sa construction, à son entretien et à la distribution équitable de l’eau
Al Aflaj and the related oral traditions, knowledge and skills of construction, maintenance and equitable water distribution are a source of pride for the associated communities. Al Aflaj is a traditional irrigation system which uses an underground tunnel to conduct water over long distances from an underground source to a basin, where...
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Al Sadu Educational Programme: Train the trainers in the art of weaving
Le programme éducatif Al Sadu : former les formateurs à l’art du tissage
The Al Sadu Society developed the Educational Programme: Train the Trainers in The Art of Weaving in collaboration with the Arts Department in the Ministry of Education, in order to raise awareness about traditional Al Sadu weaving among younger generations in Kuwait. A national curriculum was developed, along with training workshops to...
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Al-Man’ouché, an emblematic culinary practice in Lebanon
Al-man’ouché, une pratique culinaire emblématique au Liban
The quintessential Lebanese breakfast, Al-Man’ouché is a flatbread prepared in homes and specialized bakeries, and enjoyed by people of all backgrounds. The dough is indented using the fingertips and topped with a mixture of thyme, sumac, toasted sesame seeds, salt and olive oil. Once cooked, a second garnish can be added, such as soft...
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Al-Mansaf in Jordan, a festive banquet and its social and cultural meanings
Al-Mansaf en Jordanie, un banquet festif et ses significations sociales et culturelles
Al-Mansaf is a festive dish that is central to Jordan’s socio-cultural events. An important and well-known symbol that evokes a deep sense of identity and social cohesion, it is associated with the agro-pastoral lifestyle in which meat and dairy are readily available. Large chunks of sheep or goat meat are boiled with spices in a yogurt...
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Al-Mihrass tree: knowledge, skills and rituals associated with it
L'arbre Mihrass: connaissances, compétences et rituels associés
Al-Mihrass is a type of olive tree notable for its size and age. The care of these ancient trees including grafting, pruning, fertilizing and harvesting requires traditional knowledge and skills that have been passed down through generations. The olive harvest takes place between October and early November, with families and neighbours...
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Al-Muhaibis: social practices and traditions associated with it
Al-Muhaibis : pratiques sociales et traditions associées
Al-Muhaibis is a popular game that tests players’ insight and intelligence. It is typically played during the month of Ramadan, after the Tarawih prayers. The game involves two teams sitting across from each other. A random draw determines which team goes first. The captain of the first team hides a ring in one of the team member’s...
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Alpine pasture season
Saison d’alpage
In Switzerland, alpine pasture season refers to the period between May and October, when cattle, sheep and goats are driven to high-altitude pastures to take advantage of the extra forage. During this time, alpine farmers of all genders care for the animals, maintain the pastures, fences and buildings, process the milk into cheese and...
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Ancient Georgian traditional Qvevri wine-making method
La méthode géorgienne de vinification à l’ancienne dans des kvevris traditionnels
Qvevri wine-making is practised throughout Georgia, particularly in village communities where unique varieties of grapes are grown. The Qvevri is an egg-shaped earthenware vessel used for making, ageing and storing the wine. Knowledge and experience of Qvevri manufacture and wine-making are passed down by families, neighbours, friends...
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Annual carnival bell ringers’ pageant from the Kastav area
La marche des sonneurs de cloches du carnaval annuel de la région de Kastav
During the January carnival period, bell ringers march through the villages that dot the Kastav region in north-west Croatia. Clothed in sheepskin throws with bells around their waists and sporting distinctive hats embellished with sprigs of evergreen, two to more than thirty ringers swagger in groups behind a guide carrying a small...
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Annual pilgrimage to the mausoleum of Sidi ‘Abd el-Qader Ben Mohammed (Sidi Cheikh)
Le pèlerinage annuel au mausolée de Sidi ‘Abd el-Qader Ben Mohammed dit « Sidi Cheikh »
Every year, nomadic and settled Sufi communities undertake a pilgrimage to the mausoleum of the Muslim mystic, Sidi ‘Abd el-Qader Ben Mohammed (Sidi Cheikh), located in El Abiodh Sidi Cheikh. Beginning on the last Thursday of June, three days of religious rituals and secular festive events honour the founder of the brotherhood. The...
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Antep İşi, drawn thread embroidery of Gaziantep
Antep İşi, une broderie au fil tiré de Gaziantep
Antep Isi, or drawn thread embroidery, is a centuries-old needlework technique that traditionally involves working on white fabric with white thread. The threads are drawn and cut to create designs and patterns that have been passed down for centuries. Today, the embroidery is sometimes made using coloured fabrics and threads. Drawn...
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Arabic coffee, a symbol of generosity
Le café arabe, un symbole de générosité
Arabic coffee highlights an important aspect of generosity in Arab societies and the associated traditions of hospitality. Serving and drinking Arabic coffee is a daily ritual for communities, groups and individuals. It is served at weddings and tribal gatherings (reconciliation and conflict resolution majalis) in all submitting States...
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Arabic Kohl
Le kohl arabe
Arabic Kohl is both a craft and a social practice that is integral to the lifestyle of Bedouin and nomadic tribes, as well as rural, marshland, and fishing communities in the Arab region. It is a fine black powder used as eyeliner by people of all genders, serving not only as a cosmetic but also for protection against wind, sand and...
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Argan, practices and know-how concerning the argan tree
L’argan, pratiques et savoir-faire liés à l’arganier
The argan tree is an endemic woodland species found in the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve in south-west Morocco. Rural women and, to a lesser extent, men living in the reserve practise traditional methods to extract argan oil from the fruit of the tree. Different tasks, transmitted by means of imitation and through non-formal education,...
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Argungu international fishing and cultural festival
Le Festival international de la culture et de la pêche d'Argungu
Every year in the north-west of Nigeria, communities gather to participate in the Argungu International Fishing and Cultural Festival near the Matan Fada River. The four day festival, which runs between late February and March, features kabanci – a series of water competitions including hand fishing, canoe racing, wild duck catching –...
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Art of miniature
L’art de la miniature
The miniature is a type of two-dimensional artwork that involves the design and creation of small paintings on books, papier-mâché, rugs, textiles, walls, ceramics and other items using raw materials such as gold, silver and various organic substances. Historically, the miniature was exemplified by book painting in which the text was...
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Art of Neapolitan ‘Pizzaiuolo’
L'art du pizzaiolo napolitain
The art of the Neapolitan ‘Pizzaiuolo’ is a culinary practice comprising four different phases relating to the preparation of the dough and its baking in a wood-fired oven, involving a rotatory movement by the baker. The element originates in Naples, the capital of the Campania Region, where about 3,000 Pizzaiuoli now live and perform....
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Art of Xòe dance of the Tai people in Viet Nam
L’art de la danse xòe du peuple tai au Viet Nam
Xòe is a form of Vietnamese dancing with movements that symbolize human activities in ritual, culture, life and work. It is performed at rituals, weddings, village festivals and community events. There are three main types of xòe: ritual, circle and presentational. The ritual and presentational xòe dances are named after props used...
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Artisanal know-how and culture of baguette bread
Les savoir-faire artisanaux et la culture de la baguette de pain
The baguette is the most popular kind of bread enjoyed and consumed in France throughout the year. The traditional production process entails weighing and mixing the ingredients, kneading, fermentation, dividing, relaxing, manually shaping, second fermentation, marking the dough with shallow cuts (the baker’s signature) and baking....
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Asturian cider culture
La culture asturienne du cidre
Asturian cider culture refers to the spaces and processes for producing, serving and enjoying natural cider in the Spanish region of Asturias. A symbol of local identity, the drink is created by fermenting the must of native apple varieties. In Asturias, the taste for cider is seen as the embodiment of the relationship between rural...
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Basketry traditions
Les traditions de la vannerie
Basketry is the art of using natural materials such as wicker, roots, straw, cattail, linden bark and bast to weave practical items and decorations. It is practised by people of all genders. Some weavers work independently, while others are commissioned by businesses. Many certified weavers lead organizations and offer courses or open...
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Bear festivities in the Pyrenees
Les fêtes de l’Ours dans les Pyrénées
The Bear festivities take place every winter in five villages in the Pyrenees mountain range located in Andorra and France. During the event, young men dress up as bears and run through the streets trying to catch participants. The festivities are punctuated by dances, speeches in Catalan and music. The entire local population takes...
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Beekeeping in Slovenia, a way of life
La culture apicole en Slovénie, un mode de vie
In Slovenia, beekeeping is a way of life for many individuals, families and communities, who obtain bee products for food and traditional medicine and use their knowledge and skills to care for the honeybees and the environment. The only subspecies kept in Slovenia is the Carniolan bee. Beekeepers have around 200,000 bee colonies, and...
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Beer culture in Belgium
La culture de la bière en Belgique
Making and appreciating beer is part of the living heritage of a range of communities throughout Belgium. It plays a role in daily life, as well as festive occasions. Almost 1,500 types of beer are produced in the country using different fermentation methods. Since the 80s, craft beer has become especially popular. There are certain...
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Bisht (men's Abaa): skills and practices
Le bisht (abaa pour hommes) : savoir-faire et pratiques
Bisht is a traditional outer garment worn by men during special occasions such as births, weddings, funerals, ceremonies and festivals. The long garment, which is worn over regular clothes, is draped over the shoulders, wrapped across the chest and held on one side, leaving the right hand free for greetings. The style varies according...
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Boreendo, Bhorindo: ancient dying folk musical instrument, its melodies, knowledge, and skills
Le boreendo, bhorindo : un ancien instrument de musique traditionnel en voie de disparition, ses mélodies, connaissances et savoir-faire
The boreendo, or bhorindo, is a traditional musical instrument that is deeply rooted in village life and nature amongst the Thari community. It has a hollow, spherical shape with sound holes, and is made of clay that is sun dried and kiln fired. It is played by men, while women are involved in decorating the instrument with clay paint....
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Breakfast culture in Malaysia: dining experience in a multi-ethnic society
La culture du petit déjeuner en Malaisie : expérience culinaire dans une société multiethnique
Breakfast culture in Malaysia plays an important role among Malaysia’s multi-ethnic societies. The element can be found throughout the submitting State, which comprises 14 states. It is centred on food and spending time together over a morning meal. The element is a living heritage related to the traditional dietary practices which...
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Brussels' rod marionette tradition
La tradition de la marionnette à tringle à Bruxelles
Rod puppetry is a traditional form of theatre inherited from traveling fairground theatres in Europe. The puppets are manipulated using metal rods attached to the head and body. These rods allow puppeteers to control the puppets’ movements. The practice requires the skilled teamwork of up to six puppeteers hidden behind a booth. The...
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Building and use of expanded dugout boats in the Soomaa region
La construction et l’utilisation des pirogues monoxyles expansées dans la région de Soomaa
The Estonian expanded dugout boat from the Soomaa region is a canoe-like boat, hollowed out from a single tree (usually aspen), with expanded sides and a shallow base. The building of a dugout boat is a complex process, beginning with the identification of a suitable tree and culminating with the boat’s launch. Dugout boatbuilding is a...
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Buklog, thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanen
Le Buklog, système de rituels de gratitude des Subanen
Buklog is an elaborate thanksgiving ritual system of the Subanen, an indigenous people in the southern Philippines. The head of a host family, usually a village chief called ‘timuay’, plans the ritual system to express gratitude to the spirits. The rituals ensure harmony among family, clan and community members, as well as among the...
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Busó festivities at Mohács: masked end-of-winter carnival custom
Les festivités Busó de Mohács : une coutume de carnaval masqué marquant la fin de l’hiver
The Busó festivities at Mohács in southern Hungary are a six-day carnival in late February to mark the end of winter, named for the ''busós,'' frightening-looking costumed people (traditionally men) wearing wooden masks and big woolly cloaks. The festival is multifaceted, including a children’s costume contest, a display of the art of...
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Canto a tenore, Sardinian pastoral songs
Le Canto a tenore, chant pastoral sarde
Canto a tenore has developed within the pastoral culture of Sardinia. It represents a form of polyphonic singing performed by a group of four men using four different voices called bassu, contra, boche and mesu boche. One of its characteristics is the deep and guttural timbre of the bassu and contra voices. It is performed standing in a...
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Carnaval de Negros y Blancos
Le carnaval de Negros y Blancos
Arising out of native Andean and Hispanic traditions, the Carnaval de negros y blancos (Black and White Carnival) in San Juan de Pasto in south-western Colombia is a great celebration lasting from 28 December to 6 January each year. The celebrations begin on the 28th with the Carnival of Water − the throwing of water in homes and on the...
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Ceebu Jën, a culinary art of Senegal
Le ceebu jën, art culinaire du Sénégal
Ceebu jën is a dish that originated in the fishing communities on the Island of Saint-Louis in Senegal. Although recipes vary from one region to the next, the dish is typically made with fish steak, broken rice, dried fish, mollusc and seasonal vegetables such as onions, parsley, garlic, chilli pepper, tomatoes, carrots, eggplant, white...
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Centre for traditional culture – school museum of Pusol pedagogic project
Centre pour la culture traditionnelle – musée-école du projet pédagogique de Pusol
This innovative education project has two overall goals: to promote value-based education by integrating the local cultural and natural heritage within the curriculum, and to contribute to the preservation of Elche’s heritage by means of education, training, direct action and awareness-raising in the educational community. Implemented...
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Ceremonial Keşkek tradition
La tradition cérémonielle du Keşkek
Keşkek is a traditional Turkish ceremonial dish prepared for wedding ceremonies, circumcisions and religious holidays. Women and men work together to cook wheat and meat called ‘Keşkek’ in huge cauldrons, then serve it to the guests. The wheat is washed with prayers the preceding day, and then carried to a large stone mortar, to the...
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Ceremony of Mehregan
La cérémonie du mehregân
In Tajikistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mehregan is a religious celebration that is tied to the autumn harvest. Every year, from 2 October to 2 November, communities express gratitude to God for their livestock and crops. The rituals performed during the ceremony and the products featured vary according to the region and to the...
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Ch'utillos, the Festival of San Bartolomé and San Ignacio de Loyola, the meeting of cultures in Potosí
Ch’utillos, la fête de Saint Barthélemy et de Saint Ignace de Loyola : la rencontre des cultures à Potosí
Ch’utillos, or the Festival of San Bartolomé and San Ignacio de Loyola, is celebrated in Potosí, Bolivia in the month of August. An integral part of the local cultural identity, the festival is characterised by gastronomic fairs, dance performances and a procession to the sanctuary located in the Mullu Punku gorge, a natural site with...
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Charfia fishing in the Kerkennah Islands
La pêche à la charfiya aux îles Kerkennah
Charfia fishing in the Kerkennah Islands is a traditional, passive fishing technique that capitalises on the hydrographic conditions, seabed contours and natural resources both at sea and on land. The ‘charfia’ is a fixed fishery system consisting of palm fronds embedded in the seabed to create a triangular barrier, blocking the path of...
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Chhau dance
La danse Chhau
Chhau dance is a tradition from eastern India that enacts episodes from epics including the Mahabharata and Ramayana, local folklore and abstract themes. Its three distinct styles hail from the regions of Seraikella, Purulia and Mayurbhanj, the first two using masks. Chhau dance is intimately connected to regional festivals, notably the...
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Christmas Bram and Sambai of Gales Point Manatee, Belize
Le bram de Noël et le sambai de Gales Point Manatee au Belize
The Christmas Bram and Sambai are annual cultural celebrations held on 25 and 26 December in the Gales Point Manatee Village, located on a peninsula inside Southern Lagoon on the central coast of Belize. Deeply rooted in African heritage, these festivities promote unity and a shared sense of identity within the practising community. The...
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Círio de Nazaré (The Taper of Our Lady of Nazareth) in the city of Belém, Pará
Le Círio de Nazaré (Le Cierge de Notre-Dame de Nazareth) à Belém, dans l’État du Pará
The Círio de Nazaré festival in Belém honours Our Lady of Nazareth. The main procession concludes the festivities on the second Sunday of October, when a wooden image of Our Lady of Nazareth is carried from Sé Cathedral to Sanctuary Square¬¬¬, but the celebrations start in August and run until fifteen days after the procession. Almost...
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Coaxing ritual for camels
Le rituel pour amadouer les chamelles
Mongol herders perform the coaxing ritual to encourage a female camel to accept a new-born calf or to adopt an orphan. The mother is tied close to the calf and a singer begins a monotone song accompanied by gestures and chanting. The coaxer changes the melody depending on the mother’s behaviour, which may be initially aggressive, and...
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Commandaria wine
Le vin commandaria
Commandaria wine is a traditional sweet red wine made in a group of villages on the southern slopes of the Troodos mountains. It is closely tied to the natural environment and involves using local grape varieties and traditional winemaking techniques. These include harvesting the grapes late in the season, drying them in the sun, and...
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Compagnonnage, network for on-the-job transmission of knowledge and identities
Le compagnonnage, réseau de transmission des savoirs et des identités par le métier
The French Compagnonnage system is a unique way of conveying knowledge and know-how linked to the trades that work with stone, wood, metal, leather, textiles and food. Its originality lies in its synthesis of varied methods and processes of transmitting knowledge: national and international educational travel (known as the ‘Tour de...
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Construction processes of the quincha house and the junta de embarre / embarra
Les processus de construction de la maison quincha et de la junta de embarre/embarra
The construction of mud or clay houses, known as quincha houses, is a traditional building practice commonly found in rural and semi-urban areas in many parts of Panama. These homes are made using a mix of clay soil, hay and natural fibres, along with wood and plants to support the structure. This construction process – called a 'junta...
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Cooking and eating Mulgi puder, traditional mashed potato with barley in the Mulgimaa region, Estonia
La préparation et la consommation du Mulgi puder, purée de pommes de terre traditionnelle à l’orge dans la région de Mulgimaa, Estonie
Mulgi puder is a traditional dish that is consumed daily in the Mulgimaa region of Estonia. The dish entails placing sliced potatoes in a pot and pouring pre-soaked barley on top. After adding a bit of salt, the ingredients are boiled until soft and then mashed. Mulgi puder is accompanied by pan-fried pork knuckle, which can be added to...
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Copper craftsmanship of Lahij
L’artisanat du cuivre de Lahidj
Copper craftsmanship of Lahij is the traditional practice of making and using copperware concentrated in the Lahij community in the Caucasus. The copper-smelting master coordinates the entire process and is accompanied by an apprentice who learns the necessary techniques while helping the master. The coppersmith-hammerer pumps the air...
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Corso culture, flower and fruit parades in the Netherlands
La culture du corso, défilés de fleurs et de fruits aux Pays-Bas
Dating back to the late nineteenth century, a corso is an annual parade of floats or boats decorated with flowers, fruit, vegetables and, in some cases, people in costumes. Originating in the south of France and Italy, the practice spread to the Netherlands in the nineteenth century. The parade takes place in streets or on rivers, and...
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Cossack’s songs of Dnipropetrovsk Region
Les chants cosaques de la région de Dnipropetrovsk
Cossack songs are sung by communities of the Dnipropetrovsk region which tell stories about the tragedy of war but also the personal relationships of Cossack soldiers. Singers practise the tradition in three different groups: Krynycya, Boguslavochka and Pershocvit. The songs are sung for pleasure and so practitioners can have a...
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Craft of the miller operating windmills and watermills
Les savoir-faire du meunier liés à l’exploitation des moulins à vent et à eau
The craft of the miller operating windmills and watermills involves the knowledge and skills necessary to operate a mill and maintain it in a good state of repair. With a declining number of people earning their livelihood from the craft, millers today also play a key role in transmitting the cultural history of the practice. There are...
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Craft techniques and customary practices of cathedral workshops, or Bauhütten, in Europe, know-how, transmission, development of knowledge and innovation
Les techniques artisanales et les pratiques coutumières des ateliers de cathédrales, ou "Bauhütten", en Europe, savoir-faire, transmission, développement des savoirs, innovation
The workshop organization, or Bauhüttenwesen, appeared in the Middle Ages on the construction sites of European cathedrals. Now, as then, these workshops are home to various trades working in close collaboration. The term Bauhüttenwesen in German refers both to the organization of a workshop network dealing with the construction or...
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Crafting and playing the Oud
La fabrication et la pratique de l’oud
The oud is a traditional, lute-type instrument played in Iran and Syria. The musician places the short-necked instrument on their leg, fretting with one hand and plucking the chords with the other. In both countries, the oud consists of a pear-shaped sound box made of walnut, rose, poplar, ebony or apricot wood. Crafting an oud takes up...
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Cross-crafting and its symbolism
La création et le symbolisme des croix
<b>Supported by Latvia</b> Cross-crafting refers to a widespread tradition of making crosses and altars, as well as the consecration of these crosses and the rituals associated with them. The carved oak crosses are linked to Catholic ceremonies and harvest celebrations. Once the cross is consecrated by a priest, it acquires an...
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Cultural practices associated to the 1st of March
Les pratiques culturelles associées au 1er Mars
Cultural Practices Associated to the 1st of March comprise traditions transmitted since ancient times to celebrate the beginning of spring. The main practice consists of making, offering and wearing a red and white thread, which is then untied when the first blossom tree, swallow or stork is seen. A few other local practices also form...
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Cultural practices related to Taif roses
Les pratiques culturelles relatives aux roses de Taif
In the Taif region of Saudi Arabia, rose practices are a key part of the inhabitants’ cultural heritage and identity. From December to February, farmers fertilize and water the land, prune the rose bushes, and plant cuttings. The harvest season begins in March and lasts thirty-five to forty-five days. During this time, farmers and their...
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Cultural space and oral culture of the Semeiskie
L’espace culturel et la culture orale des Semeiskie
The Semeiskie communities are formed by a group of so-called “Old Believers”, a confessional community originating from the time of the Instigation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the seventeenth century.Their history is marked by repression and exile. During the reign of Catherine the Great, believers in the “old system” from various...
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Cultural space of Boysun District
L’espace culturel du district de Boysun
The Boysun District located in south-eastern Uzbekistan on the route from Asia Minor to India, is one of the oldest inhabited areas of Central Asia. With the diminishing importance of the Silk Road and the political changes in Central Asia, the region became quite isolated, which favoured the preservation of ancient traditions that show...
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Cultural space of Jemaa el-Fna Square
L’espace culturel de la place Jemaa el-Fna
The Jemaa el-Fna Square is one of the main cultural spaces in Marrakesh and has become one of the symbols of the city since its foundation in the eleventh century. It represents a unique concentration of popular Moroccan cultural traditions performed through musical, religious and artistic expressions. Located at the entrance of the...
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Culture of Çay (tea), a symbol of identity, hospitality and social interaction
La culture du çay (thé) : un symbole d'identité, d’hospitalité et d’interaction sociale
Tea culture in Azerbaijan and Türkiye is an important social practice that shows hospitality, builds and maintains social ties, and is used to celebrate important moments in the lives of communities. Although there are several types of tea and brewing techniques, communities in both countries primarily harvest and consume black tea....
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Culture of Jeju Haenyeo (women divers)
La culture des haenyeo (plongeuses) de l'île de Jeju
In Jeju Island, there is a community of women, some aged in their 80s, which goes diving 10m under the sea to gather shellfish, such as abalone or sea urchins for a living without the help of oxygen masks. With knowledge of the sea and marine life, the Jeju haenyeo (female divers) harvest for up to seven hours a day, 90 days of the year...
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Culture of Sumanak/Sumalak cooking
La culture de la préparation du sumanak/sumalak
Sumanak is a special dish traditionally prepared during the Navruz festival. It is made from sprouted wheat, butter and flour, symbolizing the awakening of nature and rebirth. The wheat sprouts, called ‘sabza’, represent new life in spring. The process involves washing, roasting and crushing the wheat, and then boiling the juice for up...
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Culture of Ukrainian borscht cooking
La culture de la préparation du bortsch ukrainien
__Case of extreme urgency__ Ukrainian borscht is a traditional dish that is cooked with broth combined with beetroot, sugar beet or fermented beet juice. There are many versions, and the practice entails the recipe, cooking method and occasion, according to which a certain variety is prepared. Borscht is cooked in a large pan or pot and...
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Dainichido Bugaku
Le Dainichido Bugaku
According to legend, travelling performers of ''bugaku,'' the ritual dance and music of the imperial palace, visited Hachimantai Town in northern Japan in the early eighth century, during the reconstruction of Dainichido, the shrine pavilion. The ritual performance of Dainichido Bugaku takes its name from this story, but the art evolved...
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Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices
Les connaissances, savoir-faire, traditions et pratiques associés au palmier dattier
Typically found in deserts and dry, temperate climates, the date palm is an evergreen plant with roots that deeply penetrate the earth in search of humidity. Date palms grow in oases in desert areas with suitable water levels for irrigation. For centuries, many populations have been associated with the date palm tree, which has aided...
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Deepavali
Dipavali
Deepavali, also known as Diwali, is a light festival celebrated annually by diverse individuals and communities across India, that marks the last harvest of the year and the start of a new year and new season. Based on the lunar calendar, it falls on the new moon in October or November and lasts several days. It is a joyous occasion...
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Dolma making and sharing tradition, a marker of cultural identity
La tradition de la préparation et du partage du dolma, marqueur d'identité culturelle
Dolma tradition is a set of knowledge and skills relating to the preparation of the traditional meal ‘dolma’, which takes the form of small fillings (containing meat, onion, rice, peas and spices) wrapped in fresh or pre-cooked leaves or stuffed in fruits and vegetables. The name of the tradition originates from the shortened Turkic...
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Door-to-door rounds of Kurenti
La tournée de maison en maison des Kurenti
Door-to-door rounds of Kurenti is a Shrovetide custom practised from Candlemas (2 February) to Ash Wednesday. Kurenti practise their rounds through villages and nowadays also through the town of Ptuj. Groups consisting of Kurenti and one or more devils run from house to house, form a circle in the yard and jump around the owners....
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Dragon Boat festival
Le festival du Bateau-Dragon
Beginning on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people of several ethnic groups throughout China and the world celebrate the Dragon Boat festival, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The festivities vary from region to region, but they usually share several features. A memorial ceremony offering...
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Earthenware pottery-making skills in Botswana’s Kgatleng District
Le savoir-faire de la poterie en terre cuite dans le district de Kgatleng au Botswana
Earthenware pottery-making skills are practised among the Bakgatla ba Kgafela community in south-eastern Botswana. The women potters use clay soil, weathered sandstone, iron oxide, cow dung, water, wood and grass to make pots of different forms, designs and styles that relate to the traditional practices and beliefs of the community....
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Education and training in Indonesian Batik intangible cultural heritage for elementary, junior, senior, vocational school and polytechnic students, in collaboration with the Batik Museum in Pekalongan
Éducation et formation au patrimoine culturel du batik indonésien à destination des étudiants des écoles élémentaires, secondaires, supérieures, professionnelles et polytechniques en collaboration avec le Musée du Batik de Pekalongan
Indonesian Batik is a traditional hand-crafted dye-resist textile rich in intangible cultural values, passed down for generations in Java and elsewhere since the early nineteenth century. The batik community noted the younger generation’s interest in batik was waning, and felt the need to increase efforts to transmit batik cultural...
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Empaako tradition of the Batooro, Banyoro, Batuku, Batagwenda and Banyabindi of western Uganda
La tradition de l’empaako des Batooro, Banyoro, Batuku, Batagwenda et Banyabindi de l’ouest de l’Ouganda
Empaako is a naming system practised by the Batooro, Banyoro, Batuku, Batagwenda and Banyabindi, whereby children are given one of twelve names shared across the communities in addition to their given and family names. Addressing a person by her or his Empaako name is a positive affirmation of social ties. It can be used as a greeting...
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Equitation in the French tradition
L’équitation de tradition française
Equitation in the French tradition is a school of horseback riding that emphasizes harmonious relations between humans and horses. The fundamental horse-training principles and processes are guided by non-violence and lack of constraint, blending human demands with respect for the horse’s body and mood. Knowledge of the animal itself...
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Ethiopian epiphany
L’Épiphanie éthiopienne
Ethiopian epiphany is a colourful festival celebrated all over Ethiopia to commemorate the baptism of Jesus Christ by John the Baptist in the River Jordan. The commemoration starts on the eve of the main festival on 18 January. The eve is known as Ketera, which means blocking the flow of water for the blessing of the celebrants. On the...
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Fest-Noz, festive gathering based on the collective practice of traditional dances of Brittany
Le fest-noz, rassemblement festif basé sur la pratique collective des danses traditionnelles de Bretagne
Fest-Noz is a festive gathering based on the collective practice of traditional Breton dances, accompanied by singing or instrumental music. The strong Breton cultural movement has preserved this expression of a living and constantly renewed practice of inherited dance repertoires with several hundred variations, and thousands of tunes....
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Festivity of Saint Blaise, the patron of Dubrovnik
La fête de saint Blaise, saint patron de Dubrovnik
The evening before the festivity of Saint Blaise in Dubrovnik, Croatia, as all the church bells in the city ring and white doves are released as symbols of peace, worshippers gather for a ritual healing of the throat to preserve them against illness. On the third of February, the official day of both saint and city, parish banner...
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Fichee-Chambalaalla, New Year festival of the Sidama people
Le Fichee-Chambalaalla, festival du Nouvel an des Sidamas
Fichee-Chambalaalla is a New Year festival celebrated among the Sidama people. According to the oral tradition, Fichee commemorates a Sidama woman who visited her parents and relatives once a year after her marriage, bringing ''buurisame'', a meal prepared from false banana, milk and butter, which was shared with neighbours. Fichee has...
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Fiesta of the patios in Cordova
La fête des patios de Cordoue
For twelve days at the beginning of May, the city of Cordova celebrates the Fiesta of the Patios. The patio houses are communal, family or multi-family dwellings or sets of individual houses with a shared patio, located in the city’s historical quarter. This characteristic cultural space boasts an abundant array of plants, and during...
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Flatbread making and sharing culture: Lavash, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka
La culture de la fabrication et du partage de pain plat Lavash, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka
The culture of making and sharing flatbread in communities of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey carries social functions that have enabled it to continue as a widely-practised tradition. Making the bread (lavash, katyrma, jupka or yufka) involves at least three people, often family members, with each having a role in...
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Folk art of the Matyó, embroidery of a traditional community
L’art populaire des Matyó, la broderie d’une communauté traditionnelle
The folk art of the Roman Catholic Matyó community in and around the town of Mezőkövesd in north-eastern Hungary is characterized by floral motifs that are found in flat-stitch embroidery and ornamented objects. Matyó embroidery decorates the traditional dress of the region, worn by local people in celebratory events and in folk dancing...
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Fonelamvonglao (lamvonglao)
Fonelamvonglao (lamvonglao)
The fonelamvonglao is a celebratory dance practiced widely by Lao communities. It involves couples of men and women. To start the dance, the man typically invites the woman onto the dance floor. The men perform in an inner circle and the women perform in an outer circle, dancing in a counterclockwise direction. The dance consists of...
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Funfair culture
La culture foraine
Every year, from February through November, the funfair community travels around following a set itinerary, returning to the same places each year. Hosted by local authorities, they install their attractions in a public space, where they stay anywhere from one day to several weeks. Attractions include food stalls with confectionery and...
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Ganggangsullae
Le Ganggangsullae
Ganggangsullae is a seasonal harvest and fertility ritual popular in the south-western part of the Republic of Korea, performed primarily on Korea’s Thanksgiving in the eighth lunar month. Under a bright full moon, dozens of young, unmarried village women gather in a circle, join hands and sing and dance all night under the direction of...
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Gastronomic meal of the French
Le repas gastronomique des Français
The gastronomic meal of the French is a customary social practice for celebrating important moments in the lives of individuals and groups, such as births, weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, achievements and reunions. It is a festive meal bringing people together for an occasion to enjoy the art of good eating and drinking. The...
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Georgian wheat culture: traditions and rituals
La culture géorgienne du blé : traditions et rituels
Georgian wheat culture involves a set of practices and rituals based on the cultivation and use of local varieties of endemic wheat. It also encompasses the use of related objects, such as traditional labour tools, stone mills and hand-made bread ovens. For the practising communities, endemic wheat is a symbol of life, growth and...
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Gifaataa, Wolaita people New Year festival
Le Gifaataa, festival du Nouvel An des Wolaitas
Gifaataa is a New Year festival celebrated by the Wolaita community between mid-September and early October. Before the festival starts, people clean their surroundings and return home to be with their families. Disputes are resolved peacefully in preparation for the new year. On the main day of the festival, families come together to...
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Gingerbread craft from Northern Croatia
L’art du pain d’épices en Croatie du Nord
The tradition of gingerbread making appeared in certain European monasteries during the Middle Ages and came to Croatia where it became a craft. Gingerbread craftspeople, who also made honey and candles, worked in the area of Northern Croatia. The process of making gingerbread requires skill and speed. The recipe is the same for all...
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Gióng festival of Phù Ðông and Sóc temples
Les fêtes de Gióng des temples de Phù Ðông et de Sóc
The Gióng festival of Phù Đổng and Sóc temples is celebrated annually in outlying districts of Hanoi, the capital of Viet Nam. Each spring, before the rice harvest, the Việt people honour the mythical hero, god and saint, Thánh Gióng, who is credited with defending the country from foreign enemies, and is worshipped as the patron god of...
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Gnawa
Gnaoua
Gnawa refers to a set of musical events, performances, fraternal practices and therapeutic rituals mixing the secular with the sacred. Gnawa is first and foremost a Sufi brotherhood music combined with lyrics with a generally religious content, invoking ancestors and spirits. Originally practised by groups and individuals from slavery...
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Guruna, a practice of pastoral, socio-cultural and artistic retreats centered on livestock among the Massa
Guruna, pratique des retraites pastorale, socioculturelle et artistique autour du bétail chez les Massa
Guruna is a cultural retreat that acts as a school of life for members of the Massa community, located on both sides of the Logone River in Chad and Cameroon. The term refers to both the participants and the retreat itself, which takes place once a year. During this time, young boys and men move with their cattle to a camp located some...
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Handmade production of Christmas tree decorations from blown glass beads
La fabrication artisanale de décorations d'arbres de Noël en perles de verre soufflé
Handmade production of Christmas tree decorations from blown glass beads refers to handmade Christmas tree decorations that are produced by blowing a heated glass tube inserted in a brass mould shaped into a string of beads called klaustschata and silvered, coloured and hand decorated. The string of beads is then cut into shorter or...
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Harees dish: know-how, skills and practices
Le plat harees : savoir, savoir-faire et pratiques
Harees is a popular traditional dish made with wheat grain, meat and ghee. Typically consumed at breakfast and dinner, the dish is usually made in big quantities because of the effort required to clean and grind the grain. It is served in large dishes that are shared by several people, and eaten using the thumb and forefinger while...
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Harissa, knowledge, skills and culinary and social practices
La harissa, savoirs, savoir-faire et pratiques culinaires et sociales
Harissa, a seasoning made with chilli pepper paste, is an integral part of domestic provisions and the daily culinary and food traditions of Tunisian society. It is usually prepared by women in a convivial and festive family or neighbourhood setting. It is prepared by drying the chilli peppers in the sun, and splitting the peppers,...
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Hawker culture in Singapore, community dining and culinary practices in a multicultural urban context
La culture des hawkers à Singapour, les pratiques culinaires et de restauration en communauté dans un contexte urbain multiculturel
Hawker culture in Singapore: community dining and culinary practices in a multicultural urban context is present throughout Singapore. Hawkers prepare a variety of food (‘hawker food’) for people who dine and mingle at hawker centres. These centres serve as ‘community dining rooms’ where people from diverse backgrounds gather and share...
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Holy Week in Guatemala
La Semaine sainte au Guatemala
Holy Week in Guatemala is one of the country’s most notable events, entailing processions, vigils, funeral marches, seasonal gastronomy and the creation of carpets, orchards and altars. On this occasion, the fronts of houses and buildings are also decorated, adding to the festive atmosphere. Holy Week is a religious and cultural...
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Houtem Jaarmarkt, annual winter fair and livestock market at Sint-Lievens-Houtem
Houtem Jaarmarkt, foire annuelle d’hiver et marché aux bestiaux à Hautem-Saint-Liévin
Houtem Jaarmarkt is an annual trading fair taking place in the village of Sint-Lievens-Houtem in the south-east of the Belgian province of East Flanders. Every year, on 11 and 12 November, the village becomes the site of the country’s last substantial open-air market for trading cattle and purebred horses. Hundreds of dealers proudly...
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Iftar/Eftari/Iftar/Iftor and its socio-cultural traditions
L’Iftar/Eftari/Iftar/Iftor et ses traditions socioculturelles
Iftar (also called Eftari, İftar or Iftor in practicing countries) is observed by Muslims at sunset in the month of Ramadan (the ninth month in the lunar calendar), upon completion of all religious and ceremonial rites. Observed by people of all ages, genders and backgrounds, it marks the daily termination of the hardships of fasting...
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Il-Ftira, culinary art and culture of flattened sourdough bread in Malta
Le ftira, art culinaire et culture du pain plat au levain à Malte
Il-Ftira, culinary art and culture of flattened sourdough bread in Malta, is a key part of the cultural heritage of the inhabitants of the Maltese archipelago. Ftira has a thick crust and light internal texture, characterized by large, irregular holes (an open crumb). It is flatter than other Maltese breads and has a hotter baking...
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Indigenous festivity dedicated to the dead
Les fêtes indigènes dédiées aux morts
As practised by the indigenous communities of Mexico, el Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) commemorates the transitory return to Earth of deceased relatives and loved ones. The festivities take place each year at the end of October to the beginning of November. This period also marks the completion of the annual cycle of cultivation...
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Indonesian Angklung
L’Angklung indonésien
Angklung is an Indonesian musical instrument consisting of two to four bamboo tubes suspended in a bamboo frame, bound with rattan cords. The tubes are carefully whittled and cut by a master craftsperson to produce certain notes when the bamboo frame is shaken or tapped. Each Angklung produces a single note or chord, so several players...
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Irrigators’ tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean coast: the Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia and the Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia
Les tribunaux d’irrigants du bassin méditerranéen espagnol : le Conseil des bons hommes de la plaine de Murcie et le Tribunal des eaux de la plaine de Valence
The irrigators’ tribunals of the Spanish Mediterranean coast are traditional law courts for water management that date back to the al-Andalus period (ninth to thirteenth centuries). The two main tribunals – the Council of Wise Men of the Plain of Murcia and the Water Tribunal of the Plain of Valencia – are recognized under Spanish law....
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Italian cooking, between sustainability and biocultural diversity
La cuisine italienne, entre durabilité et diversité bioculturelle
A cultural and social blend of culinary traditions, the element is associated with the use of raw materials and artisanal food preparation techniques. It is a communal activity that emphasizes intimacy with food, respect for ingredients, and shared moments around the table. The practice is rooted in anti-waste recipes and the...
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Jamu wellness culture
La culture du bien-être lié au jamu
Jamu is a form of herbal medicine and treatment that has been practised in Indonesia since the eighth century. It is based on the belief of curing hot diseases with medicines of a cold nature, and cold diseases with medicines of a hot nature, with a healthy condition being a balance between hot and cold elements in the body. The colours...
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Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut
Le rite Yeongdeunggut de Chilmeoridang à Cheju
The Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut is a ritual held in the second lunar month to pray for calm seas, an abundant harvest and a plentiful sea catch. The rites held at Chilmeoridang in the village of Gun-rip are representative of similar ceremonies held throughout the island of Jeju in the Republic of Korea. Village shamans perform a...
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Joropo in Venezuela
Le joropo au Venezuela
Joropo is a lively festive tradition resulting from the encounter between Indigenous People, Africans and Europeans. Its practice varies according to the regions: East, Guayana, The Andes, West Central, Central and The Plains. It combines music, poetry, singing and dancing, and involves various instruments such as the harp, cuatro,...
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Joumou soup
Soupe au giraumon
Joumou or giraumon soup is a traditional Haitian pumpkin soup made with vegetables, plantains, meat, pasta and spices. It is a celebratory dish, deeply rooted in Haitian identity, and its preparation promotes social cohesion and belonging among communities. Originally reserved for slave owners, Haitians took ownership of the soup when...
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Kazakh traditional art of Dombra Kuy
L’art traditionnel kazakh du dombra kuï
The art of DombraKuy refers to a short solo composition performed on a traditional pear-shaped, long-necked, two-stringed, plucked musical instrument known as a dombra. The music aims to connect people to their historic roots and traditions through classical and improvised pieces that engage the audience at a spiritual and emotional...
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Khidr Elias feast and its vows
La fête de Khidr Elias et l'expression des vœux
Every year in February communities in Iraq honour Alkhidr, a holy figure who, according to ancient beliefs, grants worshippers their wishes particularly those in need. In northern Iraq, during the last three days of the month, families gather on a hill where the sanctuary of Alkhidr is thought to be. Dressed in traditional clothes they...
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Kimjang, making and sharing kimchi in the Republic of Korea
Le kimjang, préparation et partage du kimchi en République de Corée
Kimchi is the Korean name for preserved vegetables seasoned with spices and fermented seafood. It forms an essential part of Korean meals, transcending class and regional differences. The collective practice of Kimjang reaffirms Korean identity and is an excellent opportunity for strengthening family cooperation. Kimjang is also an...
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Kithul Madeema/Kithul Kapeema, an ancient indigenous technology for tapping Kithul in Sri Lanka
Kithul Madeema/Kithul Kapeema, une ancienne technique autochtone d’entaillage du kithul au Sri Lanka
In rural village communities in Sri Lanka, kithul madeema, or kithul tapping, is a traditional method of collecting sap from the kithul tree, a tall palm found in forests and home gardens. The process entails climbing the tree using a ladder and wrapping the flower stalk with vine. A sacred tapping knife is then used to cut the stalk...
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Know-how of cultivating mastic on the island of Chios
Le savoir-faire de la culture du mastiha à l’île de Chios
Mastic is cultivated on the island of Chios from the aromatic resin mastiha, which is extracted from the shrub pistacia lentiscus. Mastic has long been renowned for its numerous properties and its culture is a family occupation that requires laborious care throughout the year by men and women of all ages who participate on equal terms...
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Knowledge and practices related to cultivating Khawlani coffee beans
Les connaissances et les pratiques liées à la culture du café Khawlani
The cultivation of Khawlani coffee beans begins by planting the seeds in mesh bags filled with soil and stored in a shaded area for three to four months. They are then transferred to agricultural terraces that conserve water and soil. The fruit grows two to three years after planting. It is harvested by hand and laid out to dry. To...
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Knowledge and skills of the water measurers of the foggaras or water bailiffs of Touat and Tidikelt
Les savoirs et savoir-faire des mesureurs d’eau des foggaras ou aiguadiers du Touat-Tidikelt
The element concerns the knowledge and skills of the water measurers of the foggaras (system of channels), or water bailiffs, of the ksour (village) communities of Touat and Tidikelt. The water measurers are involved in various operations, from calculating water shares to repairing distribution combs and conducting water in the channel....
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Knowledge of the light rum masters
Le savoir-faire des maîtres du rhum léger
Cuban light rum emerges in 1862 in the city of Santiago de Cuba. Since then, there has been an uninterrupted transmission of the Cuban light rum masters' knowledge, which is put into practice in aging cellars, mixture areas and laboratories. The Cuban light rum masters' knowledge is a set of traditional, scientific, sensory knowledge...
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Knowledge, beliefs and practices related to jang making in the Republic of Korea
Les connaissances, les croyances et les pratiques liées à la préparation du jang en République de Corée
Jang are fermented sauces – such as soybean paste, soy sauce and red chili paste – that form the basis of the Korean diet. The practice entails the entire process of making, keeping and consuming jang, from preparing the soybeans and other ingredients to ensuring the appropriate conditions for their fermentation, aging and storage. Jang...
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Knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous
Les savoirs, savoir-faire et pratiques liés à la production et à la consommation du couscous
The knowledge, know-how and practices pertaining to the production and consumption of couscous encompass the methods of preparation, manufacturing conditions and tools, associated artefacts and circumstances of consumption of couscous in the communities concerned. Preparing couscous is a ceremonial process involving several different...
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Kopachkata, a social dance from the village of Dramche, Pijanec
La kopatchkata, danse communautaire du village de Dramtche, Pianets
Kopachkata is a dynamic and energetic social dance performed by local residents of the village of Dramche in the region of Pijanec. It is danced at weddings, public gatherings and religious holidays by the village’s best male dancers. The dance is performed in a semicircle accompanied by drummers, a fiddle, and sometimes a tamboura lute...
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Koshary, daily life dish and practices associated with it
Le koshary, plat de la vie quotidienne et pratiques associées
Practices associated with Koshary revolve around a popular dish made from simple, affordable ingredients such as rice, pasta, black lentils and fried onions, with condiments such as vinegar, garlic and hot sauce added according to preference. Koshary is a filling, budget-friendly meal prepared at home and served in restaurants and...
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Krakelingen and Tonnekensbrand, end-of-winter bread and fire feast at Geraardsbergen
Les Krakelingen et le Tonnekensbrand, fête du feu et du pain de la fin de l’hiver à Grammont
The city of Geraardsbergen holds its annual market on the first Monday in March and celebrates the end of winter on Sunday eight days earlier, with the festival of Krakelingen and Tonnekensbrad. In the days before, shopkeepers decorate their windows, bakers bake special ring-shaped breads called krakelingen, and schoolteachers recount a...
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La Parranda de San Pedro de Guarenas y Guatire
La parranda de San Pedro de Guarenas et Guatire
Every year in the small towns of Guarenas and Guatire, devotees of San Pedro the Apostle celebrate his saint’s day with a series of popular festivities and rituals. An image of San Pedro is stored in all the town’s churches while the saint is celebrated with popular songs. Then, at midnight, a mass is held and the images are taken out...
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Land-of-Legends programme, for promoting and revitalizing the art of storytelling in Kronoberg Region
Le programme « Terre des légendes »pour promouvoir et redynamiser l’art du conte dans le comté de Kronoberg
The Land-of-Legends programme is aimed at promoting and revitalizing the art of storytelling in the Kronoberg region of southern Sweden. In Sweden, as elsewhere, factors such as industrialization, urbanization and television and social media have led to the disappearance of traditional venues for storytelling and modes of transmission,...
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Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in Armenia
Le lavash : préparation, signification et aspect du pain traditionnel en tant qu’expression culturelle en Arménie
Lavash is a traditional thin bread that forms an integral part of Armenian cuisine. Its preparation is typically undertaken by a small group of women, and requires great effort, coordination, experience and special skills. A simple dough made of wheat flour and water is kneaded and formed into balls, which are then rolled into thin...
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Lkhon Khol Wat Svay Andet
Le lkhon khol de Wat Svay Andet
Lkhon Khol Wat Svay Andet is practised in one community surrounding a Buddhist monastery, Wat Svay Andet – located about 10km east of Phnom Penh on the Mekong River – and is performed by men wearing masks to the accompaniment of a traditional orchestra and melodious recitation. The specific aim is to propitiate the Neak Ta (guardian...
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Ma'di bowl lyre music and dance
La danse et musique de lyre arquée ma’di
The Ma’di bowl lyre music and dance is a cultural practice of the Madi people of Uganda. Passed on by the community’s ancestors, the songs and dances involved in the tradition are performed for various purposes, including weddings, political rallies, to celebrate good harvests, educate children, resolve conflict or mourn the passing of...
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Male-child cleansing ceremony of the Lango of central northern Uganda
La cérémonie de purification des garçons chez les Lango du centre-nord de l’Ouganda
The male-child cleansing ceremony, performed among the Lango people of central northern Uganda, is a healing ritual for a male child believed to have lost his manhood. During the ceremony, the mother and male child spend three days inside the house and eat unsweetened millet porridge. The child is treated as a baby for the duration of...
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Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region and Esmeraldas Province of Ecuador
Les musiques de marimba, les chants et les danses traditionnels de la région du Pacifique Sud colombien et de la province d'Esmeraldas d'Équateur
Marimba music and traditional chants and dances are musical expressions integral to the family and community fabric of people of African descent in the Colombian South Pacific region and Esmeraldas Province of Ecuador. Chanted stories and poems are performed by men and women at ritual, religious and festive events as a celebration of...
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Mazu belief and customs
Le culte et les rituels de Mazu
As the most influential goddess of the sea in China, Mazu is at the centre of a host of beliefs and customs, including oral traditions, religious ceremonies and folk practices, throughout the country’s coastal areas. Mazu is believed to have lived in the tenth century on Meizhou Island, where she dedicated herself to helping her fellow...
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Mediterranean diet
La diète méditerranéenne
The Mediterranean diet involves a set of skills, knowledge, rituals, symbols and traditions concerning crops, harvesting, fishing, animal husbandry, conservation, processing, cooking, and particularly the sharing and consumption of food. Eating together is the foundation of the cultural identity and continuity of communities throughout...
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Mek Mulung
Le Mek Mulung
Mek Mulung is a traditional Malaysian performance involving acting, dialogue, singing and dancing. Originating in the village of Wang Tepus, it is performed by a group of fifteen to twenty people, accompanied by a music ensemble consisting of traditional percussion and wind instruments such as drums, clappers and a gong. Mek Mulung...
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Men’s group Colindat, Christmas-time ritual
Le colindat de groupe d’hommes, rituel de Noël
Each year before Christmas, groups of young men gather in villages throughout Romania and the Republic of Moldova to prepare for the ritual of Colindat. On Christmas Eve, they go from house to house performing festive songs. Afterwards, the hosts offer the singers ritual gifts and money. The songs have an epic content, which is adapted...
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Mesir Macunu festival
Les festivités du Mesir Macunu
The Mesir Macunu festival of Manisa, Turkey, commemorates the recovery of Hafsa Sultan, mother of Suleiman the Magnificent, who was cured of a disease by the invention of a paste known as mesir macunu. The Sultan then ordered that the paste be disseminated to the public. So, every year from 21 to 24 March, the paste is prepared by a...
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Messosporitissa Festivity (All-holy Mother of God of the Mid-Sowing Season Festivity), Feast of Our Lady at the Ancient Ruins
La Fête de la Messosporitissa (Fête de la Toute-Puissante Mère de Dieu de la période des semailles), Fête de Notre-Dame des ruines antiques
The Feast of Our Lady is an important festivity in Greek Orthodox Christianity that is observed on 21 November. The night before the event, an evensong ceremony takes place in a seventeenth-century chapel that is located within the archaeological site of Eleusis. Believers bring a specially prepared sweet bread, called ‘artos’ (bread),...
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Mibu no Hana Taue, ritual of transplanting rice in Mibu, Hiroshima
Le Mibu no Hana Taue, rituel du repiquage du riz à Mibu, Hiroshima
Mibu no Hana Taue is a Japanese agricultural ritual carried out by the Mibu and Kawahigashi communities in Kitahiroshima Town, Hiroshima Prefecture to assure an abundant rice harvest by celebrating the rice deity. On the first Sunday of June, after the actual rice transplanting has ended, the ritual enacts the stages of planting and...
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Moliceiro boat: naval carpentry art of the Aveiro region
Le bateau moliceiro : un art de la charpenterie navale de la région d’Aveiro
The Moliceiro boat is a traditional wooden vessel originally designed for harvesting aquatic plants, an important economic activity for the practising community. Built using pine wood, these boats follow time-honoured shipbuilding techniques that have been passed down through generations. The shipbuilders use a special tool called the...
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Mongolian traditional practices of worshipping the sacred sites
Les pratiques traditionnelles mongoles de vénération de sites sacrés
Mongolian practices of worshipping sacred sites have developed in the cultural space that is home to the nomadic lifestyle, which is characterized by its close harmony with nature and the environment. According to ancient shamanism, these practices are based on the belief in the existence of invisible deities of the sky, earth,...
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Moussem of Tan-Tan
Le Moussem de Tan-Tan
The Moussem of Tan-Tan in southwest Morocco is an annual gathering of nomadic peoples of the Sahara that brings together more than thirty tribes from southern Morocco and other parts of northwest Africa. Originally this was an annual event around the month of May. Part of the agricultural and herding calendar of the nomads, these...
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Naadam, Mongolian traditional festival
Le Naadam, festival traditionnel mongol
Naadam is a national festival celebrated every year from 11 to 13 July across Mongolia that focuses on three traditional games: horseracing, wrestling and archery. Mongolian Naadam is inseparably connected to the nomadic civilization of the Mongols, who have long practiced pastoralism on Central Asia’s vast steppe. Oral traditions,...
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Nachi no Dengaku, a religious performing art held at the Nachi fire festival
Le Nachi no Dengaku, art religieux du spectacle pratiqué lors de la « fête du feu de Nachi »
Nachi no Dengaku is a Japanese folk performing art with a deep connection to Kumano Sanzan, a sacred site in Nachisanku. It is performed on a stage inside Kumano Nachi Shrine during the annual Nachi Fire Festival, celebrated on 14 July. It is a key component of the festival and takes the form of ritual dancing to flute music and drums...
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Ñai'ũpo art, ancestral ceramic craftsmanship
L’art ñai’ũpo, un artisanat ancestral de la céramique
Ñai’ũpo is a traditional ceramic craft that involves making blackish cooking and eating utensils by hand using natural materials and techniques that have been passed down through the generations. Practiced by communities organised in associations of potters in Itá, Tobatí and Yaguarón, the process is both practical and cultural,...
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Nan Pa’ch ceremony
La cérémonie de la Nan Pa’ch
The Paach ceremony is a corn-veneration ritual celebrated in San Pedro Sacatepéquez. The ceremony gives thanks for good harvests in a ritual that highlights the close connection between humans and nature and features prayers in the Mam language. The participants are mostly older farmers, both men and women, with extensive ties to the...
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Nar Bayrami, traditional pomegranate festivity and culture
Le Nar Bayrami, fête traditionnelle de la grenade et sa culture
Nar Bayrami is an annual festival in October/November in Azerbaijan’s Goychay region that celebrates the pomegranate and its traditional uses and symbolic meaning. Pomegranate culture is a set of practices, knowledge, traditions and skills related to the cultivation of the fruit, which is used not only in a range of culinary contexts,...
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Nawrouz, Novruz, Nowrouz, Nowrouz, Nawrouz, Nauryz, Nooruz, Nowruz, Navruz, Nevruz, Nowruz, Navruz
Le Nawrouz, Novruz, Nowrouz, Nowrouz, Nawrouz, Nauryz, Nooruz, Nowruz, Navruz, Nevruz, Nowruz, Navruz
Nauryz is a traditional folk spring festival based on the worship of nature, the sun and the universe. Observed in several countries in Asia and the Middle East, it is associated with a love of nature and all living things, a respect for human beings, and the spread of good. In Mongolia, it is one of the most important holidays of the...
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Ngondo, worship of water oracles and associated cultural traditions among the Sawa
Le Ngondo, culte des oracles de l'eau et traditions culturelles associées chez les Sawa
The Ngondo traditions are based on the worship of water oracles. Practised by the Sawa community of Cameroon, they take place annually from September to the first Sunday of December. The popular and festive part of the practice is marked by a caravan touring the traditional Sawa districts with artistic performances, traditional...
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Nsima, culinary tradition of Malawi
Le nsima, tradition culinaire du Malawi
Nsima, the Culinary Tradition of Malawi, is a compound name for the culinary and dietary tradition of Malawians as well as the name of a single component of this tradition, a form of thick porridge prepared with maize flour. Nsima is prepared through an elaborate process requiring specific knowledge, from pounding the maize into flour...
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Nyckelharpa network, an innovative dissemination of a music and instrument-building tradition with roots in Sweden
Le réseau dédié au nyckelharpa, diffusion innovante d’une tradition musicale et de lutherie ayant ses racines en Suède
The nyckelharpa is a bowed instrument, originally built and played by farmers and craftspeople in northern Uppland in Sweden. Dating back to the seventeenth century, it was the most common instrument in this region, played at dances and in various ceremonies and rituals. In the early twentieth century, interest in the nyckelharpa waned...
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Oku-noto no Aenokoto
L’Oku-noto no Aenokoto
Oku-noto no Aenokoto is an agricultural ritual transmitted from generation to generation by the rice farmers of the Noto Peninsula, which projects from Ishikawa prefecture in the centre of Japan’s main island, Honshu. The twice-yearly ceremony is unique among the harvest rituals of Asia in that the master of the house invites the deity...
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Oman Youth Sail Training Ship (Safinat Shabab Oman) programme for peace and sustainable cultural dialogue
Le programme du grand voilier-école omanais pour les jeunes (Safinat Shabab Oman) pour la paix et le dialogue culturel durable
The Oman Youth Sail Training Ship programme for peace and sustainable cultural dialogue actively contributes to introducing Oman’s intangible cultural heritage to the rest of the world. To date, it has made eighteen voyages reaching more than fifty-five countries. The programme, which is financed by the State, aims to enrich the...
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Oselvar boat - reframing a traditional learning process of building and use to a modern context
Le bateau Oselvar, adaptation du processus d’enseignement traditionnel de sa construction et son utilisation dans un contexte moderne
Previously western Norway’s main mode of transportation, also used for recreation, the wooden oselvar boat almost became obsolete with the introduction of modern boats in the 1940s, as well as government price restrictions forcing builders to find alternative work, and greater road transport in the 1960s. To help safeguard the...
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Oshi Palav, a traditional meal and its social and cultural contexts in Tajikistan
L'Oshi Palav, plat traditionnel et ses contextes sociaux et culturels au Tadjikistan
Oshi palav (pilaf) is a traditional dish of communities in Tajikistan recognized as a part of their cultural heritage. Otherwise known as the ‘King of meals’, it is based on a recipe using vegetables, rice, meat and spices but up to 200 varieties of the dish exist. Considered an inclusive practice that aims to bring people of different...
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Oshituthi shomagongo, marula fruit festival
Le oshituthi shomagongo, festival des fruits du marula
The Oshituthi shomagongo, marula fruit festival is a celebration that lasts two to three days between March and April, uniting the eight Aawambo communities of northern Namibia through the consumption of ''omagongo'', a beverage made from marula fruit. In preparation for the festival, men carve wooden goblets and small serving gourds,...
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Oxherding and oxcart traditions in Costa Rica
Les traditions pastorales et les chars à bœufs du Costa Rica
The traditional oxcart, or carreta, is the product of Costa Rica’s most famous craft. Dating from the mid-nineteenth century, oxcarts were used to transport coffee beans from Costa Rica’s central valley over the mountains to Puntarenas on the Pacific coast, a journey requiring ten to fifteen days. The oxcarts used spokeless wheels, a...
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Palov culture and tradition
La tradition et la culture du palov
There is a saying in Uzbekistan that guests can only leave their host’s house after palov has been offered. Palov is a traditional dish made and shared throughout rural and urban communities of Uzbekistan. It is prepared with ingredients such as rice, meat, spices and vegetables and in addition to be enjoyed as a regular meal, is served...
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Pantun
Le pantun
Pantun is a form of Malay verse used to express intricate ideas and emotions. It is a widespread oral form in maritime Southeast Asia. Pantun has a clear a-b-a-b rhyme scheme. The four-line variety is the most common. Pantuns may be transmitted in music, song and writing. Performances are headed by the ‘pemantun’ (the pantun narrator),...
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Parachicos in the traditional January feast of Chiapa de Corzo
Les Parachicos dans la fête traditionnelle de janvier à Chiapa de Corzo
The traditional Great Feast takes place from 4 to 23 January every year in Chiapa de Corzo, Mexico. This celebration of music, dance, handicrafts, gastronomy, religious ceremonies and feasting takes place in honour of three Catholic saints: Saint Anthony Abbot, Our Lord of Esquipulas and, most importantly, Saint Sebastian. The dances of...
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Picking of iva grass on Ozren mountain
La cueillette de la germandrée sur le mont Ozren
On 11 September each year, the day of the beheading of St. John the Baptist, inhabitants of the villages around Ozren mountain go to Gostilij to pick iva grass. After hiking up the hills, villagers of all social, gender and age groups pick iva grass, both individually and in groups. Iva must be picked carefully and pickers need to find...
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Pilgrimage to the St. Thaddeus Apostle Monastery
Le pèlerinage au monastère de l’apôtre Saint Thaddée
The annual three-day pilgrimage to St. Thaddeus Apostle Monastery in northwestern Iran is held each July. The pilgrimage venerates two prominent saints: St. Thaddeus, one of the first apostles preaching Christianity, and St. Santukhd, the first female Christian martyr. The bearers of the element are the Armenian population in Iran,...
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Pirekua, traditional song of the P’urhépecha
La Pirekua, chant traditionnel des P’urhépecha
Pirekua is a traditional music of the indigenous P’urhépecha communities of the State of Michoacán, Mexico, sung by both men and women. Its diverse mix of styles draws on African, European and indigenous American origins, with regional variations identified in 30 of the 165 P’urhépecha communities. A Pirekua, which is generally sung...
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Polyphonic Caravan, researching, safeguarding and promoting the Epirus polyphonic song
La Caravane polyphonique, recherches, sauvegarde et promotion du chant polyphonique de l’Épire
The Polyphonic Caravan is a longstanding project aimed at researching, safeguarding and promoting the Epirus polyphonic song. Performed for centuries, the Epirus polyphonic song is performed by a group of singers with two to four distinctive roles among them, and touches on almost every aspect of life, such as childhood, marriage,...
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Pottery-related values, knowledge, lore and practices of the Awajún people
Les valeurs, connaissances, coutumes et pratiques du peuple awajún liées à la poterie
The Awajún people of northern Peru view pottery as an example of their harmonious relationship with nature. The pottery preparation process comprises five stages: the collection of materials, modelling, firing, decorating and finishing. Each stage of the process has a meaning and associated values that are told in the people’s oral...
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Practices and craftsmanship associated with the Damascene rose in Al-Mrah
Les pratiques et l'artisanat associés à la rose damascène à Al-Mrah
The practices and craftsmanship associated with the Damascene rose are mainly practised by farmers and families in Al-Mrah village, in rural Damascus, who possess expert knowledge of producing essential oils and traditional medicine from the Damask Rose, among other things, as well as the village community and families who organize the...
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Practices and meanings associated with the preparation and consumption of ceviche, an expression of Peruvian traditional cuisine
Les pratiques et significations associées à la préparation et à la consommation du ceviche, une expression de la cuisine traditionnelle péruvienne
Ceviche is a traditional dish in Peru prepared with raw fish marinated in lemon, seasoned with chili pepper and salt and accompanied with locally grown produce. The dish is consumed both on a daily basis and during festivities. It is associated with moments of celebration and social gathering, as well as with ritual celebrations,...
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Practices and traditional knowledge of Terere in the culture of Pohã Ñana, Guaraní ancestral drink in Paraguay
Les pratiques et connaissances traditionnelles liées au terere, boisson guaraní ancestrale au Paraguay, dans la culture du pohã ñana
The practices and traditional knowledge of Terere in the culture of Pohã Ñana, Guaraní ancestral drink in Paraguay, are widespread in the Paraguayan territory and involve a variety of bearers. Terere is a traditional drink prepared in a jug or thermos, in which cold water is mixed with Pohã Ñana crushed in a mortar. It is served in a...
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Practices of Then by Tày, Nùng and Thái ethnic groups in Viet Nam
Les pratiques du then par les groupes ethniques Tày, Nùng et Thái au Viet Nam
Then, an essential ritual practice in the spiritual life of the Tày, Nùng and Thái ethnic groups in Viet Nam, reflects concepts about human beings, the natural world and the universe. Then ceremonies describe a journey in which the Then Master (male or female) controls ghost soldiers travelling from the earth realm to the heaven realm,...
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Procession and celebrations of Prophet Mohammed's birthday in Sudan
La procession et les célébrations de la naissance du prophète Mahomet au Soudan
Al-Molid procession is a celebration of the Prophet Mohammed that takes place in Sudan. The celebration starts twelve days before the Prophet’s birthday, in the third month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins with a procession of thousands of men, women and children, community leaders, government officials, army and police forces...
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Provision of services and hospitality during the Arba'in visitation
Les services et l’hospitalité offerts pendant la visite de l’Arba’in
Provision of services and hospitality during the Arba’in visitation is a social practice performed across the central and southern regions of Iraq, from where processions of visitors and pilgrims converge towards the Holy City of Karbala. The tradition – a social practice with deep roots in the Iraqi and Arab tradition of hospitality –...
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Pujllay and Ayarichi, music and dances of the Yampara culture
Pujllay et Ayarichi : musiques et danses de la culture yampara
Pujllay and Ayarichi are the main musical and choreographic forms of the Yampara culture. They complement each other and form a whole: Pujllay linked to the rainy season and Ayarichi to the dry. Pujllay is performed primarily by males, during the ritual of the same name celebrating the renewal of life and abundance brought on by rains....
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Pyongyang Raengmyon custom
La coutume du raengmyon de Pyongyang
Pyongyang Raengmyon (cold noodles made primarily from buckwheat) is a customary social and cultural dish in North Korea. It is served in a brass bowl and topped with trimmings of meat, Kimchi, vegetables, fruits and garnish. Cool meat stock or watery radish Kimchi juice is poured over the noodle strips to finish the preparation. A...
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Quinchamalí and Santa Cruz de Cuca pottery
La poterie de Quinchamalí et Santa Cruz de Cuca
Chili's Quinchamalí and Santa Cruz de Cuca pottery is embedded in the mestizo cultural tradition of central Chile and is characterized by black functional and decorative objects with white accents, created using techniques dating back centuries. Functional items include pots, fountains and tableware. Decorative items include figurines...
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Raiho-shin, ritual visits of deities in masks and costumes
Les Raiho-shin, visites rituelles de divinités masquées et costumées
Raiho-shin rituals take place annually in various regions of Japan – especially in the Tohoku, Hokuriku, Kyushu and Okinawa regions – on days that mark the beginning of the year or when the seasons change. Such rituals stem from folk beliefs that deities from the outer world – the Raiho-shin – visit communities and usher in the new year...
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Rite of the Kalyady Tsars (Christmas Tsars)
Le rite des Tsars de Kalyady (Tsars de Noël)
The Kalyady Tsars (Christmas Tsars) is a ritual and festive event celebrated in the village of Semezhava in the Minsk region of Belarus. Typical Belarusian New Year celebrations take place according to the ‘old’ Julian style calendar and are combined with distinctive local performing arts. About 500 men participate annually in the...
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Rituals and practices associated with Kit Mikayi shrine
Les rituels et pratiques associés au sanctuaire de Kit Mikayi
The Rituals and practices associated with Kit Mikayi shrine concern the Luos of western Kenya. Legend has it that Kit Mikayi Shrine is associated with the good fortunes of the Seme people and other Luo ethnic communities who live around the shrine enclave. People access the shrine for many different reasons, including praying, taking...
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Sadeh/Sada celebration
La célébration du Sadeh/Sada
Sadeh, or Sada, is a celebration held annually on 30 January. In the folk calendar, it marks the day when farmlands are prepared for their next spring plantation and when people celebrate the end of the coldest winter days, with 50 days and 50 nights remaining to spring. Accordingly, ‘Sadeh’ means ‘one hundred’. The element enjoys...
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Safeguarding of the folk music heritage by the Kodály concept
Le concept Kodály, sauvegarde du patrimoine musical traditionnel
Over the past century, the Kodály concept of safeguarding traditional folk music has helped to promote, transmit and document local practices in Hungary and assisted communities abroad for similar purposes. Devised by researcher, composer and pedagogue Zoltán Kodály and supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, it advocates:...
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Sango Festival, Oyo
Le festival de Sango, Oyo
In Nigeria, the Sango Festival of Oyo marks the beginning of the Yoruba Traditional New Year in August. It is an ancestral worship that takes place in Sango, Nigeria, near the ancient Koso Temple. The ten-day festival is strongly connected to the social, religious, cultural and political institutions of the Oyo State. It is held in...
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Sanké mon, collective fishing rite of the Sanké
Le Sanké mon, rite de pêche collective dans le Sanké
The Sanké mon collective fishing rite takes place in San in the Ségou region of Mali every second Thursday of the seventh lunar month to commemorate the founding of the town. The rite begins with the sacrifice of roosters, goats and offerings made by village residents to the water spirits of the Sanké pond. The collective fishing then...
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Sarawja, Aimara music and dance of Moquegua
Sarawja, musique et danse aymara de Moquegua
Sarawja, also known as Sarawjatana, is practiced in the valleys of Ticsani and San Felipe, in the Andean region of Moquegua. This annual celebration is held after the Catholic Holy Week, marking the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the harvest. It features a ritual dance performance by dance groups known as ‘ruedas’, or...
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Sbuâ, annual pilgrimage to the zawiya of Sidi El Hadj Belkacem in Gourara
Le sbuâ, pèlerinage annuel à la zawiya Sidi El Hadj Belkacem, Gourara
Each year, pilgrims from Zenata communities in the south-west Algerian Sahara visit mausoleums of saints to commemorate the birth of the Prophet Mohammed. Sbuâ is a pilgrimage, which runs for a week and entails cultural practices that focus on group activities, which include celebrations with singing and dancing. On the seventh day,...
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School of Crafts ÚĽUV
L’école d’artisanat ÚĽUV
The School of Crafts ÚLUV aims to safeguard, promote and develop traditional crafts in Slovakia. Since 1999, its courses have encouraged and facilitated the use of available natural materials for a wide range of traditional craft techniques. The teaching methodology is developed by the bearers of each craft, taking into account the...
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Scissors dance
La danse des ciseaux
The scissors dance is performed by inhabitants of Quechua villages and communities in the south-central Andes of Peru, and now in urban settings. This competitive ritual dance is performed during dry months coinciding with the main phases of the agricultural calendar. The scissors dance takes its name from the pair of polished iron...
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Sega tambour Chagos
Le séga tambour des Chagos
Sega tambour Chagos is one of the types of Sega music of Mauritius, with origins in the Chagos Archipelago. Like other Sega music, it is born from slavery and sung in Chagossian Creole particular to the islands. Sega tambour Chagos is a gentle, vibrant and rhythmic performance of music, song and dance based on the ‘tambour’ – a large,...
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Shrimp fishing on horseback in Oostduinkerke
La pêche aux crevettes à cheval à Oostduinkerke
Twelve households in Oostduinkerke are actively engaged in shrimp fishing: each has its own speciality, such as weaving nets or an extensive knowledge of Brabant draft horses. Twice a week, except in winter months, the strong Brabant horses walk breast-deep in the surf in Oostduinkerke, parallel to the coastline, pulling funnel-shaped...
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Shrovetide door-to-door processions and masks in the villages of the Hlinecko area
Les défilés de porte-à-porte et masques des Jours gras dans les villages de la région de Hlinecko
The Shrovetide processions take place in the town of Hlinsko and six nearby villages in the Hlinecko area of Eastern Bohemia in the Czech Republic. This popular carnival custom takes place at the end of winter, during Shrovetide – the period just before the Christian Lent. Village men and boys, disguised in masks that depict traditional...
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Skills related to Attiéké production in Côte d’Ivoire
Les savoir-faire liés à la fabrication de l'attiéké en Côte d'Ivoire
Attiéké is a dish made from steamed cassava tubers. Produced by the lagoon peoples of Côte d’Ivoire, the dish involves growing and harvesting the cassava tubers, grinding and mixing them with fermented cassava to prepare the semolina, and steaming the semolina to prepare the dish. After cooking, the attiéké is removed from the heat and...
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Slava, celebration of family saint patron’s day
La Slava, célébration de la fête du saint patron de la famille
In Serbia, Orthodox Christian families celebrate an important holiday in honour of the patron saint, Slava, who is believed to be their protector and provider of welfare. The celebration consists of the ritual offering of a bloodless sacrifice and a feast held for relatives, neighbours and friends. A specially designed candle is lit in...
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Smoke sauna tradition in Võromaa
La tradition du sauna à fumée en Võromaa
The smoke sauna tradition is an important part of everyday life in the Võro community of Estonia. It comprises a rich set of traditions including the actual bathing customs, the skills of making bath whisks, building and repairing saunas, and smoking meat in the sauna. The sauna is a building or room heated by a stove covered with...
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Social practices and knowledge related to the preparation and use of the traditional plum spirit – šljivovica
Les pratiques sociales et les connaissances liées à la préparation et à l’utilisation de l’eau-de-vie traditionnelle de prunes (šljivovica)
Šljivovica is a traditional plum spirit. The element includes the complex knowledge and skills to prepare the drink in a home environment as well as its use in everyday and ritual practices. The preparation has multiple stages involving families and communities. Plums are usually grown on family farms and harvested in the fall. They are...
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Spring celebration, Hıdrellez
L'Hıdrellez, fête du printemps
The Spring Celebration ‘Hidrellez’ takes place annually on 6 May, which is recognized as Spring Day, or the awakening of nature. ‘Hidrellez’ is a compound noun derived from ‘Hidir’ and ‘Ilyas’, which are believed to be the protectors of earth and water and the helpers of individuals, families and communities in need of them. To mark...
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Spring festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of traditional new year
Le festival du printemps, pratiques sociales du peuple chinois pour célébrer le Nouvel An traditionnel
In China, the spring festival marks the beginning of the new year. It falls on the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar and involves a variety of social practices to usher in the new year, pray for good fortune, celebrate family reunions and promote community harmony. This process of celebration is known as ‘guonian’...
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Spring procession of Ljelje/Kraljice (queens) from Gorjani
La procession de printemps des Ljelje/Kraljice (ou reines) de Gorjani
The Procession of Queens is performed by the young girls of the village of Gorjani in the Slavonia region of north-east Croatia every spring. The girls in a group are divided into ten ''kraljevi'' (kings), who wear sabres and men’s hats, and about five ''kraljice'' (queens), who wear white garlands on their heads like brides. On...
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Spring rite of Juraŭski Karahod
Le rite du printemps de Juraǔski Karahod
The spring rite of Juraǔski Karahod is performed by residents of the village of Pahost on St. George’s Day. For Belarusians, St. George safeguards livestock and agriculture. In Pahost, the holiday is observed through a specific ceremonial rite that encompasses various ceremonial activities, songs, games, omens and beliefs....
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Strategy for safeguarding traditional crafts: The Bearers of Folk Craft Tradition programme
Stratégie pour la sauvegarde de l'artisanat traditionnel : Le Programme des détenteurs de la tradition des arts populaires
In 1997, the National Institute of Folk Culture (NIFC) began to implement the project ‘Folk Trades and Handicrafts in the Czech Republic’. The project focused on the film documentation of traditional crafts. The fieldwork to identify producers revealed that most workshops were struggling financially and had difficulty selling and...
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Straw weaving in Belarus, art, craft and skills
Le tressage de la paille au Bélarus : art, artisanat et savoir-faire
Belarusian straw weaving emphasizes the spiritual value and symbolism of the material and the products. Various utensils (such as boxes and baskets), headgear, toys and accessories are made from straw. Some products have special meaning, such as the harvest wreaths or pawuks, complex diamond-shaped structures believed to protect the...
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Success story of promoting traditional foods and safeguarding traditional foodways in Kenya
La réussite de la promotion des aliments traditionnels et de la sauvegarde des modes d’alimentation traditionnels au Kenya
In Kenya, traditional foodways were under threat due to historical factors and the pressure of modern lifestyles. Local foods were looked down upon and were associated with poverty and backwardness. Understanding that a decline in food diversity and knowledge would have serious ramifications on health and on food and nutrition...
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Suiti cultural space
L’espace culturel des Suiti
The Suiti are a small Catholic community in the Protestant (Lutheran) western part of Latvia. The Suiti cultural space is characterized by a number of distinct features, including vocal drone singing performed by Suiti women, wedding traditions, colourful traditional costumes, the Suiti language, local cuisine, religious traditions,...
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Summer farming at fäbod and seter: knowledge, traditions and practices related to the grazing of outlying lands and artisan food production
L’estivage dans un fäbod et seter : connaissances, traditions et pratiques liées au pâturage des terres reculées et à la production alimentaire artisanale
In Sweden and Norway, summer farming refers to the practice of moving livestock to outlying lands in late spring. It entails knowledge concerning animal husbandry and herding, dairy production, land management and handicrafts. It also involves herding calls, songs, storytelling and rituals. The practices and expressions of summer...
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Surova folk feast in Pernik region
Le surova, festival populaire dans la région de Pernik
The Surova folk feast in Pernik region takes place each year on 13 and 14 January to celebrate the New Year according to the old calendar. The core of the celebration is a popular masquerade ritual performed in villages throughout the region. On the first night, Survakari masquerade groups, consisting of men, women and children, don...
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Táncház method: a Hungarian model for the transmission of intangible cultural heritage
La méthode Táncház : un modèle hongrois pour la transmission du patrimoine culturel immatériel
The Táncház (‘dance-house’) model of teaching folk dance and music combines traditional forms of acquisition with modern pedagogical and academic methods. Participants acquire dance knowledge from experienced members or tradition bearers by direct observation and imitation, to the accompaniment of live music, while using their own...
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Tandir craftsmanship and bread baking in Azerbaijan
L’artisanat du tandir et la cuisson du pain en Azerbaïdjan
Tandirs are traditional pottery ovens used in Azerbaijan to make bread and sometimes meat and poultry. Today, masters mostly craft two types of tandirs: surface and underground ovens. The bread baked in tandirs is considered a key to longevity and is an integral part of the daily diets of the people of Azerbaijan. It can be stored for a...
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Tbourida
La tbourida
Tbourida is a Moroccan equestrian performance dating back to the sixteenth century. It simulates a succession of military parades, reconstructed according to ancestral Arab-Amazigh conventions and rituals. Each tbourida is performed by a troupe made up of an odd number of riders and horses (between 15 and 25). The riders line up side by...
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The art of glass beads
L'art de la perle de verre
The art of glass beads is closely linked to the wealth of knowledge and mastery of a material (glass) and element (fire). The art covers specific knowledge and shared skills, reflects the use of specific traditional tools and processes, and includes various stages. In Italy, technical knowledge related to the production takes two forms:...
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The bearing of the sacred stone or the rites of the New Year in the Guin country in Togo
La prise de la pierre sacrée ou les rites du nouvel an en pays Guin au Togo
The rites of the New Year are a series of around twenty rituals practised annually by the Guin People of southern Togo, over the course of seven months, to honour deities and ancestors. These rituals follow a lunar calendar and take place at the same times each year. The new year is marked by the most important rite, ‘Ekpéssosso’, which...
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The Compas of Haiti
Le Compas d'Haïti
Compas is a popular music and dance genre that holds deep cultural significance for the practising communities. As strong identifying factor, it brings together people of all ages, genders and backgrounds. The music is characterized by a syncopated rhythm and accompanied by instruments such as guitars, keyboards and drums. Compas...
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The Confraternity of flowers and palms
La Confrérie des fleurs et des palmes
The Confraternity of flowers and palms is a traditional celebration that blends indigenous beliefs with Catholic practices in the community of Panchimalco. The event coincides with the beginning of the rainy and harvest season and is characterized by a procession of palms decorated with wildflowers. This procession, which attracts...
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The practice of making Asin Tibuok, the artisanal sea salt of the Boholano of Bohol Island, Philippines
La pratique de fabrication de l’asin tibuok, le sel de mer artisanal des Boholano de l’île de Bohol aux Philippines
Asin tibuok, or whole salt, is a traditional type of sea salt made through a long and careful process amongst the Boholano of Bohol Island. The final product looks like a white egg inside a brown shell. It is handmade using natural materials and traditional techniques that have been passed down through generations. The salt-making...
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The practice of Modern Dance in Germany
La pratique de la danse moderne en Allemagne
Modern Dance is a form of physical expression distinct from classical ballet. Rather than reproducing predetermined dance positions, the dancers seek a true-to-life expression that reflects emotions and life experiences. The focus lies on solo pieces as well as on co-creation in small groups, and age, social status, origin, physical...
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The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge in China of time and practices developed through observation of the sun’s annual motion
Les vingt-quatre périodes solaires, la connaissance en Chine du temps et les pratiques développées à travers l’observation du mouvement annuel du soleil
The ancient Chinese divided the sun’s annual circular motion into 24 segments. Each segment was called a specific ‘Solar Term’. The element of Twenty-Four Solar Terms originated in the Yellow River reaches of China. The criteria for its formulation were developed through the observation of changes of seasons, astronomy and other natural...
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The zaffa in the traditional wedding
La zaffa dans le mariage traditionnel
The zaffa is a traditional bridal procession that marks a couple’s transition from single to married life. It involves rituals, music, dance and a festive gathering. The zaffa begins with careful preparations. The bride undergoes cleansing rituals and applies henna, while special clothes, jewellery and other adornments are prepared for...
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Timber rafting
Le radelage
Timber rafting in Austria, Czechia, Germany, Latvia, Poland and Spain originated in the Middle Ages, when rafts were used to transport wood, goods and people using natural water flows. In the past, rafters traveling to remote destinations spent weeks living and working together on their raft. As a result, a community sharing the...
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Tocatì, a shared programme for the safeguarding of traditional games and sports
Tocatì, un programme partagé pour la sauvegarde des jeux et sports traditionnels
As part of coordinated efforts to safeguard traditional games and sports in Italy, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus and France, the Associazione Giochi Antichi launched Tocatì (‘it's your turn’), a festival and platform uniting communities, groups and individuals that practice traditional games. Tocatì links traditional games and sports to the...
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Tomyum Kung
Le tomyum-kung
Tomyum Kung is a traditional prawn soup from Thailand. The prawns are boiled with herbs, including lemongrass, kaffir lime leaves, galangal root and shallots, then seasoned with local condiments. It has a recognizable aroma and vibrant colours, and combines many tastes, including sweet, sour, savoury, spicy, creamy and slightly bitter....
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Tradition of kimchi-making in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
La tradition de la préparation du kimchi dans la République populaire démocratique de Corée
Kimchi is a vegetable dish made by seasoning various vegetables or wild edible greens with spices, fruit, meat, fish or fermented seafood before they undergo lactic fermentation. The tradition of kimchi-making has hundreds of variants. It is served daily but also on special occasions such as weddings, holidays, birthday parties,...
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Traditional agricultural practice of cultivating the ‘vite ad alberello’ (head-trained bush vines) of the community of Pantelleria
La pratique agricole traditionnelle de la culture de la « vite ad alberello » (taille de la vigne en gobelet) de la communauté de Pantelleria
The traditional practice of cultivating head-trained bush vines (''vite ad alberello'') is transmitted through generations of vine growers and farmers of the Mediterranean island of Pantelleria. About 5,000 inhabitants own a plot of land, which they cultivate using sustainable methods. The technique consists of several phases. The...
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Traditional craft skills and arts of Al-Naoor
Les savoir-faire artisanaux et artistiques traditionnels relatifs à l'Al-Naoor
Al-naoor is a wooden wheel that rotates on its axis. It is used on the streams of the Euphrates River in Iraq, where water levels are lower than the adjacent fields. In order to raise the river water to the fields, the communities devised the al-naoor wheel. The wheel is made of twenty-four columns of wooden sticks and twenty-four clay...
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Traditional irrigation: knowledge, technique, and organization
L'irrigation traditionnelle : connaissance, technique et organisation
Traditional irrigation uses gravity and hand-made constructions such as channels and ditches to distribute water from naturally-occurring water catchment points (such as springs, streams and glaciers) to the fields. Practitioners choose specific days and periods to manually divert the water, and the beginning or end of the watering...
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Traditional knowledge and cultural contexts of making Maksym, a traditional Kyrgyz beverage
Les connaissances traditionnelles et contextes culturels de la fabrication du maksym, une boisson traditionnelle kirghize
Maksym is a thick fermented drink that is often consumed in local communities in Kyrgyzstan and valued for its nourishing qualities. The preparation process involves roasting flour (usually wheat, barley or corn) in sheep fat, mixing it with water and salt, and leaving it to ferment for several hours using natural cultures. Although...
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Traditional knowledge and practices for the making and consumption of cassava bread
Le savoir-faire et les pratiques traditionnels liés à la fabrication et à la consommation de la cassave
Cassava bread is a round bread made from the cassava tuber. The bread is generally made from the bitter variety of cassava so that it can be preserved for a longer time, although sweet cassava is sometimes used. Cassava bread is usually a part of meals but can be consumed on its own. In Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras and...
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Traditional knowledge and skills of sake-making with koji mold in Japan
Les connaissances et savoir-faire traditionnels relatifs à la fabrication de saké à base de koji au Japon
Sake is an alcoholic beverage made from grains and water that is deeply rooted in Japanese culture. Craftspeople use koji mould to convert the starch in the ingredients into sugar. They oversee the process to make sure the mould grows in optimal conditions, adjusting the temperature and humidity as needed. Their work determines the...
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Traditional knowledge and techniques associated with Pasto Varnish mopa-mopa of Putumayo and Nariño
Les connaissances et techniques traditionnelles associées au vernis de Pasto mopa-mopa de Putumayo et Nariño
The traditional knowledge and techniques associated with Pasto Varnish mopa-mopa of Putumayo and Nariño encompass three traditional trades: harvesting, woodwork and decorative varnishing. The practice involves harvesting the buds of the mopa-mopa tree in the jungles of Putumayo, the wood processing carried out by carpenters, lathe...
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Traditional knowledge of the jaguar shamans of Yuruparí
Le savoir traditionnel des chamanes jaguars de Yuruparí
The mythical and cosmological structures that make up the traditional knowledge of the jaguar shamans of Yuruparí represent the cultural heritage of the many ethnic groups that live along the Pirá Paraná River in south-eastern Colombia, in the department of Vaupés. According to ancestral wisdom, the Pirá Paraná forms the heart of a...
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Traditional knowledge, methods and practices concerning olive cultivation
Les connaissances, méthodes et pratiques traditionnelles associées à la culture de l’olive
In Türkiye, olive cultivation refers to grafting, pruning and fertilizing wild olive trees, called delice, and to picking, harvesting and processing the olives. The methods used are based on traditional knowledge and practices concerning nature, such as ideal soil characteristics, climate and manure. The olive trees are grafted and...
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Traditional Korean wrestling (Ssirum/Ssireum)
La lutte coréenne traditionnelle (Ssirum/Ssireum)
-VIDEO:42131-MED-R- __Democratic People’s Republic of Korea__ Ssirum (wrestling) is a physical game practised popularly in all regions of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, where two opponents try to push each other to the ground using a satpa (a fabric strap connecting the waist and leg), their torso, hands and legs. Ssirum is...
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Traditional Mexican cuisine - ancestral, ongoing community culture, the Michoacán paradigm
La cuisine traditionnelle mexicaine - culture communautaire, vivante et ancestrale, le paradigme de Michoacán
Traditional Mexican cuisine is a comprehensive cultural model comprising farming, ritual practices, age-old skills, culinary techniques and ancestral community customs and manners. It is made possible by collective participation in the entire traditional food chain: from planting and harvesting to cooking and eating. The basis of the...
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Traditional Sohbet meetings
Les rencontres traditionnelles Sohbet
Traditional Sohbet meetings play a crucial role in transmitting Turkish folk literature, folk dances and music, village plays as well as societal values. Turkish men meet regularly indoors, especially in winter, to discuss local social and cultural issues, safeguard traditions, and encourage solidarity, mutual respect and a sense of...
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Traditional spring festive rites of the Kazakh horse breeders
Les rites festifs traditionnels printaniers des éleveurs de chevaux kazakhs
Traditional spring festive rites of the Kazakh horse breeders – taking place in Terisakkan Village in the Ulytau District of Karaganda Oblast – mark the end of the old and the beginning of the new yearly horse-breeding cycle. Rooted in traditional knowledge about nature and the age-old relations between man and horse, the rites involve...
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Traditional system of Corongo’s water judges
Le système traditionnel des juges de l’eau de Corongo
The Traditional System of Corongo’s Water Judges is an organizational method developed by the people of the district of Corongo in Northern Peru, embracing water management and historical memory. The system, which dates back to pre-Inca times, is primarily aimed at supplying water fairly and sustainably, which translates into proper...
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Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China
Les techniques traditionnelles de transformation du thé et les pratiques sociales associées en Chine
China’s traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices entail the knowledge, skills and practices around tea plantation management, tea-leaf picking, manual processing, drinking and sharing. Based on natural conditions and local customs, tea producers have developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark,...
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Traditional technique of making Airag in Khokhuur and its associated customs
Le procédé traditionnel de préparation de l’aïrag dans un khokhuur et les coutumes associées
Traditional technique of making Airag in Khokhuur and its associated customs includes the traditional method of making airag – a fermented beverage made from mare’s milk – and the related equipment, such as the khokhuur (cowhide vessel), buluur (paddle) and khovoo (kibble), associated with the social customs and rituals. The basic...
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Traditional ways of making Artisan Minas Cheese in Minas Gerais
Les modes traditionnels de fabrication du fromage artisanal minas dans le Minas Gerais
The process of making artisanal Minas cheese involves knowledge and techniques developed by small rural producers in the State of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. Local cheesemakers are proud of the tradition of using raw milk and the ‘pingo’ (drop), a natural yeast composed of region-specific bacteria which, along with the maturation period...
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Traditional wooden boatbuilding in Carriacou and Petite Martinique
La construction traditionnelle de bateaux en bois à Carriacou et à la Petite Martinique
Traditional wooden boatbuilding is a centuries-old tradition practised in Carriacou and Petite Martinique in Grenada. The men, women and children in the boat-building communities each have specific roles and functions during each stage of the process. Established shipwrights build the boats, felling trees that have been hand-selected...
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Transhumance, the seasonal droving of livestock
La Transhumance, déplacement saisonnier de troupeaux
Transhumance refers to the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between geographical or climatic regions. Each year, in spring and autumn, men and women herders organise the movement of thousands of animals along traditional pastoral paths. They move on foot or horseback, leading with their dogs and sometimes accompanied by...
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Tree beekeeping culture
La culture apicole dans les arbres
Tree beekeeping culture includes knowledge, skills, practices, traditions, rituals and beliefs connected to wild bees breeding in tree hives or log hives located in forest areas. Tree beekeepers take care of bees in a special way by trying to recreate the primeval living conditions in tree hives without interfering with the natural life...
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Truffle hunting and extraction in Italy, traditional knowledge and practice
La recherche et le cavage de truffes en Italie, connaissances et pratiques traditionnelles
Italian truffle hunting and extraction is a set of knowledge and practices that has been transmitted orally for centuries. Today, it still characterizes the rural life of entire communities in the Italian peninsula. Truffle hunters, or tartufai, usually live in rural areas and small villages. There are two steps to truffle hunting: the...
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Tugging rituals and games
Les rituels et jeux de tir à la corde
Tugging rituals and games in the rice-farming cultures of East Asia and Southeast Asia are enacted among communities to ensure abundant harvests and prosperity. They promote social solidarity, provide entertainment and mark the start of a new agricultural cycle. Many tugging rituals and games also have profound religious significance....
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Turkish coffee culture and tradition
La culture et la tradition du café turc
Turkish coffee combines special preparation and brewing techniques with a rich communal traditional culture. The freshly roasted beans are ground to a fine powder; then the ground coffee, cold water and sugar are added to a coffee pot and brewed slowly on a stove to produce the desired foam. The beverage is served in small cups,...
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Ví and Giặm folk songs of Nghệ Tĩnh
Les chants populaires ví et giặm de Nghệ Tĩnh
Ví and Giặm songs are sung by a wide range of communities in Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh Provinces of north-central Viet Nam. Specific songs are sung without instrumental accompaniment while people cultivate rice in the fields, row boats, make conical hats or lull children to sleep. Ví and Giặm lyrics use the specific dialect and linguistic...
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Washoku, traditional dietary cultures of the Japanese, notably for the celebration of New Year
Le washoku, traditions culinaires des Japonais, en particulier pour fêter le Nouvel An
Washoku is a social practice based on a set of skills, knowledge, practice and traditions related to the production, processing, preparation and consumption of food. It is associated with an essential spirit of respect for nature that is closely related to the sustainable use of natural resources. The basic knowledge and the social and...
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Watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks
La technique des cloisons étanches des jonques chinoises
Developed in South China’s Fujian Province, the watertight-bulkhead technology of Chinese junks permits the construction of ocean-going vessels with watertight compartments. If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged in the course of navigation, seawater will not flood the other cabins and the vessel will remain afloat. The junks are...
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Wine Horses
Les chevaux du vin
Los Caballos del Vino (Wine Horses) takes place each year from 1-3 May in Caravaca de la Cruz and forms part of the fiestas held in honour of the Santísima y Vera Cruz in Caravaca. The equestrian ritual consists of a series of events in which the horse is the protagonist. The process of enjaezamiento involves dressing the horses in...
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Winegrowers’ Festival in Vevey
La Fête des vignerons de Vevey
In Vevey, Switzerland there is a tradition that recognizes the community’s winegrowers involving not only those in the industry but also members of the public and local artists. Originally a single pageant, The Winegrowers’ Festival now features 15 events over three weeks and 5,000 contributors. Every festival is based on the recreation...
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Winter festivities, Carnival of Podence
Les fêtes de l'hiver, le carnaval de Podence
Winter festivities, Carnival of Podence is a social practice which initially functioned as a rite of passage for men. Now extended to women and children, it has been readjusted to its contemporary context. The festivity is associated with the celebration of the end of winter and the arrival of spring and takes place over three days in...
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Wititi dance of the Colca Valley
La danse Wititi de la vallée du Colca
The Wititi dance of the Colca Valley is a traditional folk dance associated with the beginning of adult life. It takes the form of a courtship ritual and is typically performed by young people during religious festivities celebrated throughout the rainy season. It is danced in troupes with rows of male and female couples performing a...
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Worship of Hùng kings in Phú Thọ
Le culte des rois Hùng à Phú Thọ
Annually, millions of people converge on the Hùng temple at Nghĩa Lĩnh mountain in Phú Thọ province to commemorate their ancestors and pray for good weather, abundant harvests, good luck and good health. The largest ceremony, the Ancestral Anniversary festival of the Hùng Kings, is celebrated for about one week at the beginning of the...
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Wosana ritual and associated practices
Le rituel wosana et les pratiques associées
Wosana is a rainmaking ritual that is observed by the Bakalanga community in the Northeast and Central Districts of Botswana and in certain Zimbabwean villages along the Botswana border. The ancestral practice is characterized by rituals, prayer, feasts, song and dance. It is a collaborative practice involving traditional leadership,...
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Xeedho
Le Xeedho
Xeedho is a dish given by a mother-in-law to her son-in-law to celebrate the first week of her daughter’s marriage. It consists of a container carved from a tree trunk, made to hold small pieces of dried dromedary meat that is fried in butter and preserved in ghee. The container is placed inside a basket, wrapped in aluminium foil and...
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Xtaxkgakget Makgkaxtlawana: the Centre for Indigenous Arts and its contribution to safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage of the Totonac people of Veracruz, Mexico
Xtaxkgakget Makgkaxtlawana : le Centre des arts autochtones et sa contribution à la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel du peuple totonaque de Veracruz, Mexique
The Center for Indigenous Arts was designed as a response to a long-term desire of the Totonac people to create an educational institution to transmit their teachings, art, values and culture, while also providing favourable conditions for indigenous creators to develop their art. The structure of the centre represents a traditional...
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Yaldā/Chella
Yaldā/Chella
Yaldā/Chella refers to a traditional celebration of the sun and the warmth of life. Practiced in Iran and Afghanistan, the event takes place on the last night of autumn, when families gather at the houses of elders and sit around a table adorned with a series of symbolic objects and foods: a lamp to symbolize light, water to represent...
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Yaokwa, the Enawene Nawe people's ritual for the maintenance of social and cosmic order
Le Yaokwa, rituel du peuple Enawene Nawe pour le maintien de l’ordre social et cosmique
The Enawene Nawe people live in the basin of the Juruena River in the southern Amazon rainforest. They perform the Yaokwa ritual every year during the drought period to honour the Yakairiti spirits, thereby ensuring cosmic and social order for the different clans. The ritual links local biodiversity to a complex, symbolic cosmology that...
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Yeongsanjae
Le Yeongsanjae
A central element of Korean Buddhist culture, Yeongsanjae is a re-enactment of Buddha’s delivery of the Lotus Sutra on the Vulture Peak in India, through which philosophical and spiritual messages of Buddhism are expressed and people in attendance develop self-discipline. Yeongsanjae begins with a ritual reception for all the saints and...
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Yoga
Le yoga
The philosophy behind the ancient Indian practice of yoga has influenced various aspects of how society in India functions, whether it be in relation to areas such as health and medicine or education and the arts. Based on unifying the mind with the body and soul to allow for greater mental, spiritual and physical wellbeing, the values...
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Zlakusa pottery making, hand-wheel pottery making in the village of Zlakusa
La fabrication de la poterie de Zlakusa, poterie au tour manuel dans le village de Zlakusa
Zlakusa pottery making, hand-wheel pottery making in the village of Zlakusa relates to the knowledge and skills involved in making unglazed vessels for thermic food processing. Used in households and restaurants across Serbia, Zlakusa pottery is made of clay and calcite and the wheel is run exclusively by hand. The process takes seven...
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